The 1950s and the 1960s - 900 Words

The 1950s and the 1960s had many similarities, though they had many differences as well. Their similarities and differences include: the politics, the economy, the society, and the culture of both decades. In the 1950s, North Korea moved into South Korea and began a civil war between the two parallel countries. The reason for this dispute was the border lines as well as guerrilla fighting in the South, which created a greater tension on the issue. The reason why the U.S entered the Korean War was so that the Soviet Union would not gain another nation and, in turn, more power. Like the 50s, our country was also at war with another country in the 60s. This time, the U.S was at war with Vietnam. The U.S entered the war because the†¦show more content†¦After Kennedy’s assassination, the country mourned and Lyndon B. Johnson assumed the presidency and began to finish the work that JFK started. Although Eisenhower was not a take charge kind of president, the country achieved a heightened level of prosperity. Economically, the 1950s were a pretty successful era. People had been saving their money through WW2 and they were ready to start buying houses, cars, etc. There was much inflation in the during the war, but it had quickly diminished as the years progressed. One of the issues that Eisenhower tried to address was to balance the federal budget of the nation. This was very difficult, especially since the families of the 50s were buying more and spending less with the use of credit cards. However, in the 1960s, prosperity was becoming too far out of reach. The Cold War and the Korean War were very costly in military spending. It had taken its toll on the economy. Even with more people buying, the economy was growing at a very slow rate. There were also millions of Americans who were still living in poverty, and the economy had gone into recession quite a few times in the 60s. Then, the stock market fell dramatically, the worst it had been since the Depression. Kennedy addressed this by making tax cuts for larger business, which helped the economy develop and grow more prosperous in the years to come. However, inflation made a reappearanceShow MoreRelated 1950-1960 Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pages1950-1960 During the 1950s, the United States experienced great change with the end of World War II, making it difficult to label the busy decade. America was the most powerful nation in the world and it was a time of complacency. The United States accepted two new states, Hawaii and Alaska (www.fifties.com). The science world boomed with new inventions; televisions broadcast nationally; rock n roll was popular; commercial hotel and fast food chains became common; the car industry exploded;Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The 1950s And 1960s1183 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will discuss the impact of the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s on the lives of African-Americans in that period. The Civil Rights movement refers to the movement which aimed to remove racial discrimination and segregation and improve the social, political, legal, and economic rights of black people in America . Although slavery had been abolished with the end of the Civil War , the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws kept black people and white people segregated from each other and the votingRead More1950s and 1960s: A Decade of Fashion and Fabrics2054 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The era of 1960s was the era of extensive change throughout the world of fashion and also the one that generated ideas and images which are still present as modern as todays contemporary fashion. Fashion previously had aimed to a specific market of wealthy and mature elite but now-a-days, the tastes and preferences of young people are at the focus. The decade started with the dominance from the Parisian designers who dealt with very expensive haute couture garments. The women apparelRead More The Influence of American Culture in the 1950s and 1960s in Canada538 Words   |  3 Pagesborder (the United States) have been captivating the Canadian audiences by large. American media has had a momentous revolutionizing effect on Canada, even through efforts made to define Canada with its own cultural identity. Pop culture in the 1950s and 1960s began to spread and infest the nation from front to back through radio shows, books and magazines, television programs, and even motion pictures. Whether it is culture in terms of political affairs, clothing or the latest musical sensations, theRead MoreThe Black Freedom Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s2001 Words   |  9 PagesFor my essay, I have chosen to discuss the statement â€Å"The Black Freedom Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s captured the attention of millions†¦ As American Americans started streaming into American cities, or what American corporations call â€Å"†major markets† U.S. businesses sought to influence the consumption patterns of these increasingly important black consumers.† I have chosen to discuss this title because I believe it had an extremely rich and interesting background to it as well as being ableRead MoreThe Independent Record Labels of the 1950’s and 1960’s4437 Words   |  18 PagesThe Independent Record Labels of the 1950’s and 1960’s History of Music Production Eric Eller Throughout the 1950’s and 1960’s, a wave of new musical movements by independent record labels and new artists emerged in the United States. This movement is captured in the stories of those label creators and owners, and in the turbulent journey through their successes and failures. The first emergence was fueled by multiple factors: competitive economic circumstances, up-and-coming local musicalRead MoreThe 1950s and 1960s: A Time of Great Changes Shaping the America We Have Today1006 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people think of the 1950’s or 1960’s, they think of Elvis, Greasers, jukeboxes, Woodstock, and rainbow peace signs and hippie love. Although these symbols are somewhat accurate (and very popular), not many people think about the changes society and culture went through. The 1950’s and 60’s were a time of great change and freedom for many Americans. Everything from World War II, to the gay liberation movement, to the Civil R ights Act of 1964 helped to change society. Many of the viewsRead MoreThe 1950’s -1960’s was a tough time for African Americans. Struggling for freedom since the 19th700 Words   |  3 Pages The 1950’s -1960’s was a tough time for African Americans. Struggling for freedom since the 19th century, they were finally closer to getting what they deserved. Alice walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday use,† describes the different stances blacks had during that decade. The author uses characterization, symbolism, and theme to demonstrate African American viewpoints during the civil rights movement. Characters are picked carefully because without them the plot of the story isRead MorePlease Discuss the Social, Political, and Economic Conditions of the 1950’s; Which Lead to the Social Upheaval of the 1960’s.3629 Words   |  15 PagesMicah Briggs HSTV 440 Essay 1 Please discuss the social, political, and economic conditions of the 1950’s; which lead to the social upheaval of the 1960’s. In the 1950s the United States was marked by economic growth and an increase in manufacturing and home construction due to the post WWII economic boom. The Cold War also began during this time frame and brought with it many conflicts that helped create the proliferation of a politically conservative environment throughout the countryRead MoreTo What Extent Was Grass Roots Activism a Significant Reason to Why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s1394 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent was grass roots activism a significant reason to why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s The civil rights movement grew for a number of reasons during the 1950’s and 1960s. Prior to this select time period America were fighting in the Cold War and many black soldiers battled in the name of ‘freedom’. This was ironic as these black soldiers were fighting for something that they didn’t even have back home. Often Black soldiers talked about the ‘Double V Campaign’;

Building Envelope - 9025 Words

Introduction The Building Envelope is the area that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or the outdoors. A building envelope includes all elements of a building that enclose conditioned space. Building envelope components separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or from outside air. For example, walls and doors between living areas are part of the building envelope; walls separating a garage from the living areas are not. Besides that, floors of conditioned basements and foundation are technically part of the building envelope. Roof and ceiling also can consider as building envelope. You can think of the building envelope as the boundary separating the inside from the outside and through which heat is†¦show more content†¦The piles are then interconnected with a rigid system of strip-raft to ensure uniform settlement profile and distribution of loads. The stability of this foundation is able use to resist seismic matter. And, this foundation has been used in Georgia country and proved that this foundation is strong enough to resist seismic matter. Traditionally, piles are the common way to issue the bearing capacity and excessive differential settlement. Piles are often installed until to the desired stratum that able to support the entire loads from the piles. But, piled foundation on soft ground is not an ideal way because reduction of pile capacity is predicted to happen with time due to negative skin friction and associated voids formation and settlement problems under the ground floor slab due to long-term settlement. A simple way to explain that is a big raft or slab is constructed as a foundation. When raft foundation has become a â€Å"bowl† shape, this means that defection of the building is occurred. The defection on any part of the structural members will cause the unstable of the overall system and thus will lead to collapse, the worst case. Sometimes, geotechnical engineering is also involved in design of the foundation as the information from the borehole investigation is crucial. The pile for the use in piled raft foundation can change due to the superstructure above the ground. The pile types can be barratte or bored piles and etc. There areShow MoreRelatedWhy Building A Building Envelope Design Is Important At All The Levels Of Construction1381 Words   |  6 Pagesfor better and more sophisticated envelope buildings will continue to be important at all the levels of construction. Basically a building envelope is the separation between the interior and the exterior environment with the inclusion of air, light, heat, water and noise transfer resistances. The building envelope acts as a thermal barrier, because it regulates the temperature of the inside, while the outside temperature can be different. Having a great envelope design can provide more effectiveRead MoreAn Evaluation Of Building Envelopes708 Words   |  3 PagesAn evaluation of building envelopes The idea of twinning the exterior of a building to the interior sustainable qualities is ingenious and responds well to threat created from climate change. The movement in the attention paid to envelopes is fascinating as it has responded to a trend in external aesthetics and together they unite. A particularly attractive feature regarding this is the function of being automated or manually controlled, and by this, architects immediately think of different waysRead MoreEssay On Managing The Building Envelope979 Words   |  4 PagesInnovations in technology and field data services are redefining how service providers and building owners efficiently manage roofing and wall faà §ades. With specialized hardware, software and services, field data collection options are expanding. Combined with evolving expectations for professionals, building owners need to evaluate more options to consider the best strategy for managing the building envelope (B-Ev). Historical Perspective Manual field review processes have been well establishedRead MoreBuilding Structure And Envelope Of An Advanced Engineering Building At Uq1483 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyses the building structure and envelope of an advanced engineering building at UQ. The report will examine the construction documentation, building configuration building element design and building loading and load transfer to the foundation. From another perspective, the report will also illustrate the project’s sites structure which includes site conditions, material used, interfaces with pre-existing structure/infrastructure. Basically, by using various of site or the whole building drawingsRead MoreBuilding Structure And Envelope Of An Advanced Engineering Building At Uq2143 Words   |  9 PagesIn this report, it will analyses the building structure and envelope of an advanced engineering building at UQ. The report will put the emphasis on some aspects which include the construction documentation, build ing configuration building element design and building loading and load transfer to the foundation. From another perspective, the report will also illustrate the project’s sites structure which includes site conditions, material used, interfaces with pre-existing structure/infrastructureRead MoreWhat Are The Effects Of Building Envelope Elements On Indoor Environments?739 Words   |  3 Pagesresearch work that examines the effect of various forms and geometries of building envelope elements on indoor environments under different seasonal conditions in hot-arid climate with reference to Egypt. Limitations in understanding environmental and thermal performances of architectural geometries have to some extent hindered their acceptance by building clients and the building industry [1]. Roof is the building-envelope element that is most exposed to the sun. It receives the highest amount ofRead MoreUsps Synthesis Paper815 Words   |  4 Pagesagree that, â€Å"you don’t need a full-service post office every few blocks in New York, for example† (Source A). In addition, I spend every summer with my dad in Chicago, and because there is a USPS post office right around the corner of our apartment building, I have noticed from passing it every day that it is the one store on State Street that is empty 90 percent of the time. In my experience, Postmaster General John Potter is correct in wanting to â€Å"close and consolidate 154 post offices†, significantlyRead MoreEvidence Collection Guidelines6547 Words   |  27 Pagesrefrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the Laboratory as quickly as possible. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. The Industry standard is now sterile cotton swabs and cardboard swab boxes, which are then placed in an envelope. Freezing is now frowned upon, due to potential cellular damage – refrigeration is good. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If close to the Laboratory, deliver stained object immediately. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If unable to deliver to the Laboratory, or if the object must be mailedRead Moreï  ¶ HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MODES OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE: o BABYLONIANS o GREEKS o ASSYRIANS o EGYPTIANS o ROMANS3686 Words   |  15 PagesAN ASSIGNMENT ON BUILDING SCIENCE AND ARCHITECTURE (BLD 205) Topic: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MODES OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE: BABYLONIANS GREEKS ASSYRIANS EGYPTIANS ROMANS USING RELEVANT SKETCHES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, EXPLAIN HOW PEOPLE ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF THE GLOBE USE BUILDING ENVELOPE TO ACHIEVE INTERNAL COMFORT. DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY. APRIL, 2012. CONSTRUCTION IN ANCIENTRead MoreConstruction Of The Construction Project Essay732 Words   |  3 Pagesconstruction. The environmental issues that are considered in a construction project are Heating, cooling, lighting and ventilating spaces consume by far the most energy in buildings. Therefore, ventilation heat recovery and a building’s envelope structure are the two most important factors in improving energy efficiency which affects the buildings. 5. Timescales : when we are looking at timescales we are required to identify the project first, the activities we have to do to do this is identify need from

Research Portfolio To Understand Issues †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research Portfolio To Understand Issues. Answer: Introduction: An attempt has been made to research on the institutional management and various key points regarding the same have been discussed in this research portfolio. Certain case studies have also included in the research portfolio to understand all the issues and risks regarding the same. It was assumed that all the skills that are needed to run an institution should be carried out by the staff of the institution (Weinstein Wild, 2016). Certain research propagations have been adopted by thelaw universities of United States regarding certain research topics and it has been presumed by the authority that the student must know the basic research skills or has the power to adapt the skills through their courses. However, it was observed that the students have the laxity regarding the research skills and that leads all thelaw universities to start up program relating to the development of research skills to decrease the potential risks regarding the research skills (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 20 15). With this intention, many of thelaw schools have added a training program regarding the issue and the training materials have assisted the students to understand the base of the referencing workshops and research workshops as a whole. A similar model has been followed up in our institution and at the present time, I am able to differentiate between the relevancy of journals, books, articles and legal cases. During the training course, it has been taught to us that in case of any legal research, the sources are generally based on the Articles, books, journals and certain government websites. Certain techniques are to be followed to write down a project report. Before getting into the main topic, it is important to understand the objective of the research portfolio. Through this type of portfolio, a number of projects are to be done. It has been taught to us that a legal research is based on summaries of statutes and cases. The legal researches are also getting its sources from the forum postings, blogs and news papers. It has been observed that referencing sometimes cause great dilemma regarding the research proposal and it must be encountered with great effort and care (Chance Brooks, 2015). However, I did not face any kind of dilemma regarding the same and I try my best to follow up the rules regarding the same. Reflection and Comment on case study: In this research portfolio, we are going to discuss certain aspects of the case study based on thelaw and impacts of the price fixing system. It has been stated that certain strategies are taken or adopted to deal with the problem. However, before getting into the periphery of the main subject, it is important to do certain background study that will help us to understand the main objective of the case and that may help to encounter the price fixing problems (Sadgrove, 2016). It is to be understood the definition and character of a case study and it is also to be realising the importance of it. A case study helps the researchers to understand the scope of the relevant subject and help to make the decision in such situation that may be cropped up in future. In the present situation, I have chosen price fixing problems that affects the airlines business in recent times and it is required to counter the same to avoid the detrimental consequence, it has been observed through the study is that many international cargo and airlines companies are involved in the price fixing problems. It has also been observed that many international airlines companies are enlisted in this case and suspected to commit fraud by way of fixing prices (Homsombat, Lei Fu, 2014). It has been observed that certain institutions have pointed out the facts that the airlines companies are intervened the public policies and the level of surcharges are also violate the provisions of the consumers protection laws. An initiative has been made by me to define the relevant points like the price fixing or the airlines industries. Certain allegations are made against the airlines companies like Lufthansa Cargo and Qantas airlines regarding fuel and security surcharges. The pro blem in my case is based on the airlines problems in the provinces of Australia. A commission is being responsible for the inspection regarding the same namely Australian Competition Consumer Commission. The Act that deals with the following problem is Competition Act 1998 and it has been alleged that the airline companies had adopted certain policies to increase the surcharges with an intention to create illegal competitive activities. The whole racket was involved other countries like New Zealand, Indonesia and Singapore airlines. Reflection and Comment on other case study: In the other case study, an attempt has been made to understand various legal grounds relating to bullying in the workplaces and certain educational institutions. In this case, certain definitions have been made to ease the topic to understand the outcome of the same. Bullying means certain gestures or words to make someone feel bad and the main objective of such act is to humiliating others. It is a form of abuse that can be seen in workplaces and other educational institutions (Eller Moreira, 2014). The word trolling is a part of bullying that forms by way of publishing posts and memes with an intention to humiliating others. In recent days, it has been observed that the amount of humiliation through bullying has increased in a tremendous way and in this case law, an attempt has been made to point out the scopes and types of bullying so as to prevent the detrimental outcome. In case of educational institutions, bullying are observed through cyber bullying and trolling and fatefully the cyber cafes are becoming the epidemic centre for all this bullying. It has been observed from many reports that the almost 40% children in Australia are victimised by this in school session. Almost in every year, many people are died by this bullying and trolling in Australia. Reflection and Comments on legal risk, rules, and management Therefore, from the above mentioned cases, it has been observed that the subject matter of the cases is serious in nature and harmful to the society as a whole. There are certain legal risks present in case where the interest of the society is attached in it. Certain legal management are to be followed to overcome the public liability and foreseeable harm in this case. In case of the former case study, the price fixing policies taken by the airlines companies are affecting the international relationship and certain laws were enacted to counter the offence in a systematic way (Peppard Ward, 2016). The illegality regarding the price fixing has been mentioned under section 48 of the Competition Law and the Consumer Law as the policy has affected the consumers as well. Australian Competition Consumers Commission has imposed with the power to take action against the alleged airlines companies. Section 48 of the said Act restricted the companies or corporations to be engaged into such pr actice. Legal actions has also been taken against New Zealand airways as the company was alleged to make an agreement with other air companies to fix up the fuel surcharge and the court impose injunctive relief and pecuniary penalties on the company. Allegations have also been made against certain leading companies like Qantas airlines and Lufthansa cargo and each of these companies have to face serious fine regarding the same. In the other case, there are also certain legal risks present that can be pointed out in a systematic manner and in this case, similar attempt has been made. Keeping in mind the detrimental effect of the bullying in workplaces and other educational institutions, the Australian government has stated the process as crime. In this case also, certain Acts were enacted to consider the following situations. One of such Act is OHS Act. The acts regarding bullying are treated as a discriminatory act that is harmful for the interest of a person and the society as well (Barkan, Bintliff Whisner, 2015). Therefore, it becomes necessary to prevent these crimes and legal actions are being made by the government in relevant cases (Grant, 2016). The government of Queensland has taken certain policies to curb this social crime and an attempt has been made to find out the symptoms of this crime. The government has tried to promote the awareness programs by adopting certain anti-bullying policies. Att empts have also been made to reduce the harassment and eradicate the process from the society. Impacts of the cases: There are certain impacts of these crimes have been made on the respective industries and society as well. It is a well known fact that many classes of people are involved in the airlines business and they continue their livelihood on the profession (Whyte Lohmann, 2015). However, they have to face serious problems if the airlines companies are fixed and maintained the prices regarding the fuel or security surcharges. Consumers are also affected by this process when the prices are being fixed by the companies in case of transporting certain materials by freight. It affects the supply chain tremendously and the price of the goods is being increased in this process. On the other hand, the bullying process impacts on the society and as per many reports, the victims of this offence had committed suicide. Therefore, it can be stated that the implications of this offence had made a serious question in the workplaces and the future of the same and that should be optimised with great care and skills by the concerned governments. Difficulties faced in enforcing laws: In Australia, the governmental structure is federal in nature and the policy taken by the governments are varying from one province to another. Therefore, it becomes difficult to bind the airlines companies within one statutory limitation (Gall, Gall Borg, 2014). The companies are engaging themselves in international base and it has created serious problem regarding the implementations of law. It is true that the Australian Competition Consumer Commissions are effectively taking policies regarding the same and the Federal courts are also imposing penalties on the alleged companies but the quantity of the penalties are based on the levels of co-operation and dilemma has to be faced when the cases are withdrawn regarding the enactment of different laws (Herr Anderson, 2014). I have learned certain important lessons regarding the subject matters of both the case laws and the legal management involves in this process. I have come through the policies of the government regarding the same and it has been observed by me that the implications and the dilemmas regarding the problem and the detrimental effect of the policies as well. Annotated bibliography Borenstein, Severin. The Evolution of U.S. Airline Competition. Journal of Economic Perspectives 7(Spring 1992): 45-73. This book is an important creation to denote the price fixing system by the airlines companies and the effect of the same in the portion of the society. The book is also useful for the case study as it addresses how the Australian Law has enacted certain grounds to deal with the problem and through this book, an outcome regarding the problem can be possible. The book also addresses issues such as impact of the fixing policies on the society, problems regarding the same, and legal steps to deals with the problem. Carlton, Dennis W., Robert H. Gertner, and Andrew M. Rosenfield. Communication Among Competitors: Game Theory and Antitrust, George Mason Law Review, 5 (Spring 1997): 423-440 The above named writers had authored this book with the aim of addressing communications in between the employment competitors. The topic of the case study was dilemma regarding the price fixing policies by the airlines company. This book has prescribed certain facts that show a gap made in between the airlines companies and the consumers. This book announced certain facts regarding the communication skill and the importance of it. References: Barkan, S. M., Bintliff, B., Whisner, M. (2015). Fundamentals of legal research. Chance, D. M., Brooks, R. (2015). Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Eller, R. D. A. G., Moreira, M. (2014). The main cost-related factors in airlines management. Journal of Transport Literature, 8(1), 8-23. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., Borg, W. R. (2014). Applying educational research: How to read, do, and use research to solve problems of practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Grant, R. M. (2016). Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Herr, K., Anderson, G. L. (2014). The action research dissertation: A guide for students and faculty. Sage publications. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z., Fu, X. (2014). Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 63, 1-16. Lumsden, K., Morgan, H. (2017). Media framing of trolling and online abuse: silencing strategies, symbolic violence, and victim blaming. Feminist Media Studies, 1- McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015). Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016). The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Sadgrove, K. (2016). The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Waseem, Z., Davidson, T., Warmsley, D., Weber, I. (2017). Understanding Abuse: A Typology of Abusive Language Detection Subtasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.09899. Weinstein, S., Wild, C. (2016). Legal Risk Management, Governance Compliance-Interdisciplinary Case Studies from Leading Experts. Globe Law and Business. Whyte, R., Lohmann, G. (2015). The carrier-within-a-carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar. Journal of Air Transport Management, 42, 141-148.

The Wallace Group free essay sample

I have concluded my interviews with your team and have a list of recommendations based on priorities. The recommendations are unbiased and not intended to be personal attacks on the current management; they are based on the sound management principles and intended to maximize your company’s potential. a. Realign the corporate structure. Begin by recruiting a new board of directors using outside directors, â€Å"executives of other firms but are not employees of the board’s corporation†1, in addition to a limited number of management directors from inside the company. This combination of three companies working as independent entities is not working, they must be integrated and a different management organizational structure must be implemented. This group will be able to accomplish the next recommendation. b. Develop a mission statement and goals. The company must embark upon strategic management planning. This will include: †¢Clearer sense of strategic vision for the firm †¢Sharper focus on what is strategically important Improved understanding of a rapidly changing environment1 The Wallace group lacks vision and goals for its divisions and this leads to a lack of direction for the management team. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wallace Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A mission statement â€Å"defines the fundamental, unique purpose that sets a company apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the company’s operations in terms of products offered and markets served†1. This business must develop a corporate wide strategic management plan to set a direction for the company and its shareholders. A part of this management planning would consist of SWOT analysis, strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. This process is often referred to as Plan – Do – Act – Check or PDAC and is a continuous process. Making a profit today is not enough; there has to be an evaluation of where the company is now, where will it be in 2, 5, 10 years and how the company will attain those goals. c. Change the organizational chart: There needs to be an in-depth evaluation of the personnel currently in place. The current chart is one of vertical structure and should be revamped to be more horizontal. This accomplishes the goals of empowerment and coordination between the divisions. A glaring problem is the VP of the chemical division, J. Luskics, as he was the former owner that guided the company into foreclosure and appears to not be running the division efficiently now. The chemical division is not even internally competitive for the plastics or electronics divisions. Mr. Luskics should either be bought out of the company or reassigned to a position that he might be successful. There also is a redundancy among positions in the company, for example there are three directors of industrial relations, these positions should either be combined or incentivized to cooperate in the best interest of the company. d. Personnel development. There is no apparent leadership development in place and the company has relied on promoting technical staff to management positions which many are not equipped to handle. There needs to be a leadership development series initiated, leadership retreats to communicate and encourage relations amongst the teams, and perhaps some Management Assessment of Proficiency (MAP) testing to asses the current management team. Management development and succession planning must be implemented to ensure long term success. Job responsibilities need to be developed and implemented for all positions but specifically for the management team; including specific goals, budgeting, forecasting (long range planning), training, and staff satisfaction. . Communication. The lack of clear strategies, long term plans, goals and objectives has led to the recent revolt at the stockholders meeting. This is a clear indication of the frustration felt from the staff level up and the new direction of the company must be clearly communicated to all staff. Enthusiasm is contagious and the presentation of a new course for the company will be very exciting for staff. Employee surveys, sugges tion boxes and an engaging of the front line staff will do much to improve morale and spark improvements. I would like to commend you sir for creating a successful company but I do believe there are concrete steps that you can take to improve the future of this company. Mr. Wallace I believe the development of a vision will produce great results, with this vision you will attract personnel that want to be a part of a great company and profits for all involved will naturally follow. Remember â€Å"Visionary companies make some of their best moves by experimentation, trial and error, opportunism.

10 Easy Ways for Students to Raise Their FICO Score

10 Easy Ways for Students to Raise Their FICO Score Why Students Need a Good FICO Score A FICO score is a type of credit score that is calculated with software from Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO).  Having a good FICO score is very important if you want to get approved for fair interest rates on private student loans, credit cards, and other sources of credit. FICO scores cant be improved overnight, but there are  10 easy steps that students can take to raise their FICO score Step 1: Establish New Accounts If you want to establish credit or raise your FICO score, you can get a credit card in your name and use it responsibly. This means charging regularly and paying the balances off regularly as well. If possible, get a card with a high limit and always keep the card balance below 25 percent. Step 2: Piggyback on Another Account If a parent or some other responsible individual is willing to add your name to their credit card account, it might help your credit and boost your FICO score. Every time this person charges and makes payments on the account it will look good for you. Read more about the legality of piggybacking. Step 3: Get Secured Debt If you are having difficulty getting approved for a regular credit card, try getting a secured credit card. These cards are perfect for those who have poor credit because they allow you to make charges that can be covered by money you have already applied to an account. There is no way for you to overcharge or miss payments. Eventually, use of the card will increase your FICO score. Step 4: Dont Apply for Too Much Credit If you have a flurry of credit inquiries on your credit history because you applied for 10 different credit cards and 5 different loans in a three-month period, it can lower your FICO score. If you can, try to limit yourself to two inquires each year. Step 5: Increase Your Current Card Limits The lower your balances are on your credit cards in comparison to the limit of your credit cards, the better your credit report will look and the higher your FICO score will be. If getting the balances paid down is proving to be a problem, or even if its not, contact your creditors and ask for a higher limit. Step 6: Pay Off Old Accounts If you have old, unpaid debts on your credit report, it can really drag your FICO score down. One of the best ways to undo the damage that has been done is to pay off old accounts and make arrangements with the creditors to have the judgments removed. Step 7: Dont Close Old Accounts Even if they are unused, old credit  accounts attribute to your length of credit history and affect your score. The longer you have an account, the better it looks. Closing old accounts can lower your FICO score even further. Step 8: Always Pay Bills On Time Not paying your bills on time is a sure-fire way to lower your FICO score. Each late payment can lower your score by as much as 20 points. In contrast, paying your bills on time consistently can raise your FICO score. Step 9: Lower Your Debt Having a significant amount of outstanding debt, such as student loans, cars loans, and other types of installment loans, can lower your debt-to-income ratio and in turn, your FICO score. If you can lower your debt; your FICO score will begin to rise at a fast pace. Step 10: Get Help If you are having a hard time managing your credit and raising your FICO score to an acceptable level, consider getting professional help through a low-cost or no-cost credit counseling service.

How to Obtain a Copy of a Social Security Application Form SS-5

How to Obtain a Copy of a Social Security Application Form SS-5 Once youve found your ancestor in the Social Security Death Index, you may want to request a copy of your ancestors original Social Security Application. An excellent record for genealogical information, the SS-5 is the application form used by an individual to enroll in the U.S. Social Security program. What Can I Learn From a Social Security Application (SS-5)? The SS-5, or Application for Social Security Number is a great resource for learning more about individuals who died after about 1960, and generally includes the following: Full nameFull name at birth, including maiden namePresent mailing addressAge at last birthdayDate of birthPlace of birth (city, county, state)Fathers full nameMothers full name, including maiden nameSexRace as indicated by the applicantWhether the applicant ever applied for Social Security or Railroad Retirement beforeCurrent employers name and addressDate signedApplicants signature Who is Eligible to Request a Copy of the SS-5? As long as a person is deceased, the Social Security Administration will provide a copy of this Form SS-5, Application for Social Security Number to anyone who makes a request under the Freedom of Information Act. They will also release this form to the registrant (the person who belongs to the Social Security Number) and to anyone who has a release-of-information statement signed by the person about whom the information is sought. To protect the privacy of living individuals, there are specific requirements for SS-5 requests involving extreme age. The SSA will not provide a copy of the SS-5 or otherwise release information about any person  who is under 120 years old unless you can provide  acceptable proof of death (e.g.,  death certificate, obituary, newspaper article, or police report).The SSA will also redact (black out) parents’ names on an SS-5 application unless you provide proof that the  parents are deceased or  both have a birth date more than 120 years ago. They will also release parents names  in cases where the number holder on the SS-5 is at least 100 years of age. This restriction is, unfortunately, a bit tricky when your purpose of requesting the SS-5 is to learn the names of the parents. How to Request a Copy of the SS-5 The easiest way to request a copy of the SS-5 form for your ancestor is to apply online through the Social Security Administration. A printable version of this SS-5 Application Form is also available for mail-in requests. Alternatively, you can send (1) the persons name, (2) the persons Social Security Number (if known), and (3) either evidence of death or a release-of-information statement signed by the person about whom the information is sought, to: Social Security AdministrationOEO FOIA Workgroup300 N. Greene StreetP.O. Box 33022Baltimore, Maryland 21290-3022 Mark both the envelope and its contents: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST or INFORMATION REQUEST.   There is a fee of  $27.00 regardless of if the  Social Security Number is known, and you must provide the persons full name, date and place of birth, and names of parents. If you have a Social Security Number from family records or a death certificate but are unable to locate the individual in the SSDI, then it is strongly suggested that you include proof of death with your application, as it will likely be returned to you otherwise with that request. If the individual was born less than 120 years ago, you also need to include proof of death with your request.   The usual wait time for receiving a copy of a Social Security Application Form is 6-8 weeks, so be prepared to be patient. Online applications are generally a bit quicker - often with a turnaround time of 3-4 weeks, although this may vary based on demand. Also, it is important to note that the online application system doesnt work if you need to provide proof of death.

I will add the preper topic soon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

I will add the preper topic soon - Essay Example became a fully fledged effects facility, but by the time Jackson directed his first Hollywood-backed movie, The Frighteners, weta had 14 workstations to generate astonishing 420 digital effects shots.† xv. Support from the New Zealand State for the LoTR project figured notably in the naming of a designated minister to work with the production team, and in the New Zealand army furnishing logistical support and extras, whilst public funds supported PR abroad as well as the refurbishing of the venue for the Return of the King premiere in Wellington. Xvi. Lee and Howe agreed to come to New Zealand, and they were ultimately credited as conceptual artists. They supplied thousands of sketches and paintings to guide the designers and help create a unified look for all research and projects going on in the various filmmaking departments. Xvii. It’s a good job that actor Stuart Townsend is engaged to actress Charlize Theron. That might just have come as at least some consolation for his having to give up the part of Aragorn four days into filming, handling over to Viggo Mortensen following â€Å"creative differences†. Xix. Billy Boyd who plays Pippin says, â€Å"My memory of the Two Towers is really me and Dom (Monaghan, who plays Merry) being stuck 15ft up Treebeard for a couple of months. You had to be harnessed for safety and it got to the point where you couldn’t get down for tea

Communicating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communicating - Essay Example By analysing the location, set designs, costumes, movement, and props of The Matrix films, one realizes they attempt to communicate the idea of extreme transformation through technology. The Wachowski Brothers shot The Matrix, the first film of the trilogy, in Sydney, Australia (Kurt, 2008, p. 3). Filming occurred on soundstages set up on streets, tops of skyscrapers, and inside warehouses, a process that lasted for around sixty days. The directors were enthusiastic about Sydney as an ideal location for filming. This is because production expertise, competitive prices, and a great essence of teamwork collectively improved Sydney’s appeal. The directors and production team also preferred Sydney’s structural design within the city and its overall topography to American and European cities. The duty of making a sum of thirty production sets for The Matrix also occurred in Sydney. Here, two of the largest sets were the inside the Nebuchadnezzar, the hovering home of Morpheus and his disciples, and the office for the agents (Kurt, 2008, p. 4). This office integrated a whole Sydney office block. There was a key series involving immense filming in an office block. Directors and the production team were unable to achieve this series in a real location. As a result, the director’s team constructed a vast steel structure that resembled a contemporary skyscraper inside the soundstage. Afterwards, the team placed a background of Sydney outside the windows through a translight. Even though the background was a prop, the location of the filming of The Matrix in this particular scene remained in Sydney. Downward-streaming characters often depict the code that makes up the Matrix, which is the key concept of the three films. This code entails reflections of half-size kana characters and western Latin numbers, signs, and letters. Certain scenes in the film show how

Comparative analysis of English letter writing Essay Example for Free

Comparative analysis of English letter writing Essay Research background   Business letter writing within an international context is of valuable significant in the business and career sector. An interest on business letter writing culture needs to be explored so as to understand various context of how different cultures within an international perspective write business letters. This means more empirical research on business letter writing methodologies and culture.    This will facilitate the easy comprehension of how to relate and even apply for work in different countries and getting an interview and subsequently a job based on the understanding of business letter culture and methodologies of that specific country.    This means, business letter writing culture has various different concepts, which need to be explored. Empirical research on business letter writing show there are various elements and principals of business letter writing. These elements are distinctive and are meant to supply sufficing background on how to correspond effectively in economic references. The context of business letters lies within the profound difference in culture and use of English in different countries. British, American and Canadian styles have almost similar formats but different style as well as different syntax construction elements.    In Canada, which is the key focus of this paper, there are many similarities in the standard format and style of English business letters but the style, syntax formation and word choice seriously dissent with the Standard English business letter. Our focus on the Canadian business letter writing culture and the concepts employed in writing these economic letters like work application letters, contract procurement letters, government trade concessions and incentives letters as well as translation of Canadian business letter reference translations to English. This profoundly draws out the adaptation of the English language by the Canadian culture and the subsequent nativization of the English language to the Canadian culture. The various elements of writing a business letter explains the context of globalization of English as a corporate lingua franca with emphasis on various business writing cultures and how they use these elements to communicate the various arising economic references. The Latvian context helps in cross-examining differences in the style and format of economic letters within different cultures as well as the inception of standard letter writing styles.   Ã‚   This explains the various contexts of business letter writing whereby, we examine the acquisition of English as a second language in Latvia, the inception of English letter writing in Canada and the different styles and approaches to business letter writing Canada as well as a cross examination on the differences in the formats and styles of economic reference letters in Britain and the America and the Canada.    This research background helps us review the literature on the context of Lavian, British, Canadian and American business letters. On the Canadian context, we explore further, the style, culture and the empirical research and profound review of the society’s perception of English as a second language and the subsequent use of the English language as a standard language to express and communicate business references in the Latvian corporate world. As such we add up existing empirical research with facts and reviews of arising differences, ease of translation and the use of various native Canadian (French, Indian) language style in business letter writing. Introduction    The increasing importance of business letters within an international context is important in improving the level of proficiency in both corporate executives and other persons who wish to write business letters. Business letters reflect to communication between a party and a company/corporation with a reference denoting an economic reference like a contract, application for a job or any other business related reference.    A more prolific description of business letter is ‘a letter written when particular issues on a particular corporate subject need to be resolved. These particular issues include establishing an important business contact in a local business environment and overseas, selling or buying, advertising and other business related activity.   Ã‚   When writing these letters certain principles referred to as ethical considerations are adhered to so as to add panache to the meaning of the letter. These ethical considerations are the drivers of the message of the letter and profoundly explain the role of the paper and the context of the perception, attitude and meaning of the letter writers’ intentions.   Ã‚   Emerging differences in style and format while both these aspects are derived from the traditional English business letter is of interest. It requires more research to explain how communities around the world adapt the English language to suit their native style and internationalize it. This paper explores the Canadian community and their business letter writing styles and formats.   Ã‚   Ethical considerations in business letter writing in Canada are similar to most Standard English formats and styles. According to Artemeva (1998) â€Å"in the global context, English is often used as a medium of communication for both the English-speaking and non-English speaking partners† (Artemeva 1998: 286). Toury explains this context of difference in the culture of writing more profoundly    He asserts that, two languages may possess a roughly corresponding set of styles; however, cultural factors, social context, organizational structure, and the like make the verbal representation of mental sets so highly situated within a particular culture that, even though these mental sets may overlap between one language and another, they rarely match exactly† Toury Gideon 1980). This explains the context of difference in style and format of Canada English letters from the Standard English business letter.    The Canadian context is better understood from the Bahktin and Rodman approach on difference in cultures and their adoption of English by these cultures. They assert that the differences between languages as systems imply certain incompatibilities between utterances produced by speakers and writers of different languages if they choose one shared language as a medium of communication. Artameva explains this context further through expounding on the difference on the sense of business letter translation by a non English speaker employ a rhetoric and a sequence of thought. According to Kaplan, this rhetoric and sequence of thought, â€Å"destroys the expectation of the native reader† (Kaplan 4).   Cultural influences, then, often lead to misconceptions that require to be empirically measured. Various tools of evaluating and overcoming such misconceptions are required. One of the most effective methodologies (tool) of evaluating these misconstruing is the contrastive rhetoric which highlights pragmatic errors that are as a result of interaction of language pragmatic errors that are â€Å"the result of an interactant’s imposing the social rules of one culture on the listeners’ communicative behavior. According to Riley the situation where the social rules of another culture would be more appropriate. He explains that grammatical systems of the Canadians and English are fundamentally different. English is a language in which grammatical meaning is largely expressed through the use of extra words and by changes in word order. Overview on writing letters in Canada and the British and American perspective    According to the Canadian English language proficiency, individual skills in using grammar to communicate is essential Paradigms of business letter writing and also general communication using the written form is of interest to Canadian researchers. There is minimal empirical research on the subject leading to scarce information on both style and various aspects of the concepts employed.    Due to its multi cultural nature, Canada represents an interesting tradition in writing and the gradual adaptation and adoption of English language to its multi culture. The education system as well as the corporate weather and institutions in Canada require individuals to obtain proficiency levels in Canadian English. These levels of proficiency will help these individuals have abilities in general reading and writing skills.   Ã‚   This has led to various institutions in Canada to lobby and support for the post-secondary and employment training programs in which functional reading and writing skills in the multi cultural society to increase the capacity of the labor sector. The labor sector as well as the education sector seeks to have individuals who have proficiency in reading and writing as well as abilities in sentence structure, reading comprehension, English usage, and essay writing.    According to Graves (1997), â€Å"the differences between Canadian British and American cultures as they manifest themselves in business discourse are in the complexity inherent in a multicultural society as in the context of Canada. In Canada there is a concern for and tolerance of others, awareness of class distinctions, concern for the collective over the individual. This distinct Canadian identity affects genres such as the direct marketing letter because the genre depends on shared understandings between writers and readers; these understandings in turn depend upon cultural values† (Graves 1997:2).    Examining the letters written by Canadians and Americans explain the difference in the cultural context of writing letters. Graves argues that Canadians, British and the Americans employ the concept of power distance, directness in the subject of the letter and individualism within the wordings style of the business letters. There are emerging differences in syntax formation and the style of writing the economic letters and most notable, there is the distinctive virtue by the Canadians About their nature. ‘Business communicators need to be aware that Canadians see themselves as culturally distinct, and they need to write differently for Canadian audiences’ (Graves 1997:2-6). Similarities and differences in the paradigms of letter writing in Canada, America and Britain Canada Britain America  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Canadians stick to traditional British English ( This is in speech and syntax formation)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Language is curt and lays emphasis on the context of the purpose of communication due to the diversity of the community  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The structural aspects of the Canadian letters are contentious. It is borrowed from both Englander and American style. The standard methodology is aligning the name, address and date of the writer and the addressee on the left  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Britons stick to the traditional Queens English in both syntax and speech formation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The language, though aimed at denoting the purpose of the letter is traditional and the writers tries to maintain traditional England tradition  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The English letter structural aspects are diverse. Name and address can be either left or right.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Americans have evolved English to suit their cultural and communication needs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is minimal courtesy and the writer is elaborate, very brief and adhoc in his message through the use of slang words to shorten the letter and get to the point  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American letter structural aspects reflect on aligning these addresses on the right and the addressee address on the right. Convections and the Canadian context of business letter writing    The genre of Canadian letters and the style is mostly associated with the Scottish emigrants. Numerous Scottish populations moved into Canada to form a Scottish community in the vast multicultural Canada. According to Moir (1984), Scottish repositories have played an important role in the preservation of Canadas written heritage, but few archivists and historians seem to be aware that Canadian institutions have reciprocated this favor to a significant degree. As a result of the increasingly heavy waves of emigration from Scotland that reached North America from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries.    Canada has become a rich but relatively untapped source of manuscript material generated by Scots on both sides of the Atlantic. Analyzing these scripts is by no means near completion, and published inventories only hint at the wealth of material in Scotland that remains to be explored by students of Canadian social and business history in particular (Moir 1984: 146) Logan explains the Canadian letter writing as a profound and interesting. Logan emphasizes that Canadian business letter writers are keen on the subject of the letter and often make sure that the addressee is aware of what they want through the letter. Canadian economic letters are direct to the point and very clear on the subject.    A sample ancient Scottish-Canadian letter obtained from an archive shows the style and emphasis on the backbone of the message by the writer of the letter. As explained by Moir, the letter is part of the letter-books of Martin MacLeod that are in the possession of the Canadian History Department of the Metropolitan Toronto Library. After retiring from the British Army with the rank of captain, MacLeod took up the lease for his fathers sheep farm on Skye. The ensuing correspondence written at Drynock deals with the usual family concerns, especially MacLeods attempts to ensure that his children receive both a sound education on the isolated farm and ample provision for their future subsistence. For the most part, MacLeod was much more preoccupied with the management of his flocks, steadings, laborers, and sub-tenants as they all struggled through the difficult decade of the 1840s. Altho prices have recently been good, and very good yet, from the heavy losses of sheep from Braxy and severe weather as well as from the exorbitantly high prices of shearing materials, for some years of meal, matters were not, as people generally imagine, so easily brought to bear. (Moir, ppr 150) This letter is indicative of the exact subject the writer wants discussed and understood as easily and as fast as possible by the recipient.   The letter below also represents the directness and emphatic nature of the Canadians in their business and general communication through the written form. The letter is from a father in Dumfriesshire to his son in North America: Now Jock, if yere wee1 so much the better, and if yere doing wee1 yer mother and mes Vera glad tae heart’s, and if yere no wee1 were Vera sorry, but we canna help it, and as the postage between American and the Langholm runs pretty high, I must insist that the correspondence be stopped! (Moir, ppr 155)   Modern Canada defines and treats writing business letters as a practice within legislative, administrative, and diplomatic sphere. In Canada, this type of style is used in drawing up documents such as secretary correspondence, official documentation and administrative communication, juridical, diplomatic, legal laws, decrees, treaties, acts, official correspondence, certificates and application letters. Examples of Canadian business letters Sample 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF ORDER   Date: 29th April 2008 To: IAN MUNRO    We are in receipt of your order as contained in the attached purchase order form. We confirm acceptance on said order subject only to the following exceptions:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clean white, lean, fresh and from Derby On exceptions noted, we shall assume you agree to the same unless objection is received within ten days of receipt of this notice.    Thank you for your patronage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Very truly, Sarah Corner Note that, Canadians end their letters with yours truly or truthfully. This is similar to the American style of closing their formal letters.    Sample 2 7890 Montreal Avenue Montreal Metro, ON 7MJ76 4J11 May 2, 2008 Mansfield Manufacturing Company 7080 Rue Prairie Montreal, QX 7CG 8LM23 Please replace the ten pairs of defective Jackboots recently purchased. I followed the guidelines for picking the proper jackboots but the package I was sold contains defective jackboots Perhaps your quality control people can determine why they have deteriorated so much. Youll find the pairs enclosed and you could make me feel better by replacing my ten pairs with quality jackboots. Sincerely, Al Kassim Kassam How Canadian address their envelopes when sending their business letters. Addressed Envelope DAVID KERRY 2889 DANIELS AVENUE NIAGARA FALLS ON L2G 4J5 MONTREAL SAXON COMPANY 1789 RUE MARCONI MONTREAL QC H2S 8K1 Note the block style format of address In Canada, almost everyone nowadays has the skills to write a letter. The style and genre are adapted to increase the ability of the letter to make sense and to impart the required message as intended by the letter writer. The Canadians make a brief introduction, a body of support paragraphs, and a conclusion.    The Canadian are no exception to formal style of structuring a business letter. In fact they conform to the principles of clear and effective writing that projects the exact nature of the message intended. As such, as in the case of British and American letters, Canadian letter business letters have their own specific features, which distinguish them from other letters so as to give them a functional style. These functional styles are: Objectivity Formality Specificity and accuracy Rationale Imperativeness Politeness Besides this structural style and distinctiveness, the Canadian business letter falls in the two commonplace types of letters Full block style: In this method of writing a business letter, the text and all its elements is aligned to the left margin of the paper. Modified block style: This requires writing the text down the middle of the page and aligning the return address, date, closing, signature, and typed name on the same direction (down the text); the other elements of the text are aligned to the left page margin of the paper. (George Mason University Writing Center 2006:1) This is exemplified by the letters below, which shows the structural outlook of the Canadian business letters. Sample of an annotated Business Letter (Note that, this letter is an excerpt from Pearson’s Education of Canada 2002)    134A Quebec Street Devonshire, ON LL3C 1LB6 November 4, 2002 Mr. Allan Cushy Toronto County Council 411 Northern Main Street Toronto, ON L3B 3X4 Dear Mr. Cushy Putting a stop sign on Aqueduct Street will reduce the chances that a speeding car will kill one of our children. Aqueduct Street looked like the quiet, safe environment I wanted for my children. Many of the neighborhood children—including my own—enjoy playing along the street, and they sometimes cross it. Because Aqueduct Street runs parallel to a much busier major thoroughfare, car drivers use our street to avoid the heavier traffic and stop lights on Niagara Street. Most of these people are too fast for a residential neighborhood with many families and many children. My concerned neighbors and I feel that a four-way stop created at the corner of Aqueduct and Church would reduce non-residential traffic and slow down all the drivers using Aqueduct Street. The expense would be modest compared to the incalculable cost of a childs injury or death by a speeding motorist out to save a few minutes commuting time. By installing the stop signs, you can help make our street safer for children, as we request in the enclosed petition, signed by all the adults on Aqueduct Street.   Please contact me before the next council meeting on November 15. The residents of Aqueduct Street are worried that heavy non-residential traffic is endangering our children. We urge the City Engineer to place a four-way stop sign at the corner of Aqueduct and Church to help reduce the danger. Sincerely, AQUEDUCT STREET RESIDENTS COUNCIL Solomon Maguire President dbr Enclosure Copy to Councilor Peter Mechling Howard As such, we observe the structural composition of a Canadian business letter follows the following structural format, Heading Date Inside Address Salutation Complimentary Close Organization Name Writers Name Reference to Keyboardist Enclosure Notation Copy Notation Body of Letter Indicate one blank line Sample showing another approach in the format of a Canadian business letter 857 Albuquerque Niagara Falls, ON L2G 4J5 April 13, 2008 Allan Miller 8973 Strobin Avenue Montreal, QC H56L 90SL31 Ref Body of the letter Sincerely Joy Hoffman   Ã‚   Note that, the style and format show the blocks should be aligned to the left hand side as one writes the letter.   Samples of brief business letters/notes to customers Sample 1 Dear Customer Thank you for your order.   At this time we cannot fill your order due to an unexpected shipment delay from our overseas suppliers. We will hold your order for arrival of the merchandise, and ship shortly thereafter.   Unfortunately, we cannot provide you with a specific shipping date at this time. Thank you for your anticipated patience in this matter. Sample 2 Dear customer Please accept our apology for having shipped merchandise in excess of your purchase order. We have made an adjustment in your account to reflect this error and have arranged for our delivery service to pick up the excess merchandise on 16th May 2008. We are sorry for the inconvenience this has caused you and are most appreciative of your cooperation and understanding in this matter. Thank you for your recent order. Samples of employee business letters Sample 1 *********INTER-OFFICE MEMO********** FROM:   CORPRAL MARCUS JENKINS III   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   DUTY AND REFERRALS OFFICE TO:   ALL OFFICERS SUBJECT:  Ã‚   SMITH PERKINS PROMOTION PARTY AND GIFT On Thursday, May 2, 2008 at 4:30 P.M., in the officers mess As you know, Smith has been with us for 12years now, and has been held in high regard by his fellow officers. I am requesting that each officer donate $10.00 so that we might present to Smith a gift memorializing his promotion.   We are not yet decided on the type of gift, and your suggestions would be highly appreciated. Look forward to seeing you on Thursday. Marcus Jenkins Sample 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   NOTICE OF UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Date: 3rd May 2008 To: Marry Ann Bush   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Confirming our meeting relative to certain unsatisfactory aspects of your performance, we expect that in the future you shall improve your performance by the earliest convenience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have every confidence the problem will not be repeated. John Shawn HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER Comparative analysis on British and American letters British letters English style of letter writing   Ã‚   Empirical research on both English pedagogy as well as the key elements of writing business letter within the British perspective elicits much interest in English pedagogy.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to the originality of the English language from Britain, it is deemed that, the formats and other key elements of writing letters are borrowed from the British culture of writing letters    According to Jenkins and Hinds, the letter writing process takes place in three reoccurring stages.   These reoccurring stages are Pre-writing, writing and re-writing. This combination makes letter-writing recursive (Jenkins and Hinds 1987: 327). In many British writing centers writing is taught with a focus on meaning, not form; on process, not product; on authorial intention and audience expectation, not teacher authority or punitive measures; on holistic and human concerns, not errors and isolated skills.    The British have been following two styles and formats in their letter writing methods. Full block style: In this method of writing a business letter, the text and all its elements is aligned to the left margin of the paper. Modified block style: This requires writing the text down the middle of the page and aligning the return address, date, closing, signature, and typed name on the same direction (down the text); the other elements of the text are aligned to the left page margin of the paper. (George Mason University Writing Center 2006:1)    A close examination of the elements of the letter shows that elements of the letter are the keys to a successful letter. The return address of the company the letter writer represents is important so as to facilitate the intended response reaching him after his submission. The second most elements are the date of letter. This is followed by inside address, salutation, body, closing, signature and position of the letter writer.    The British have long used this concept as a tangible aspect of writing their letters. British style is brief, straightforward, and polite.   According to George Mason University 2006, British letters follow a certain intrinsic format. This is as discussed below. Below are the structural of a standard business letter and their functions: Return Address: This refers to the letter writers’ address or the address of the company he represents Date: The writer leaves two blank lines after the return address. The writer spells out the month and writes the day, puts a comma, and then inserts the year. Inside Address: The writer leaves two blank lines after the date. He type the address of the person he is writing to. Salutation: The writer starts his letter with Dear, followed by the person’s name or ends this line with a colon if he doesn’t know the name of the recipient. Body: British culture calls for the writer to align the message on the left margin. He skips a line before starting a new paragraph without indenting. Also he makes each paragraph clear and concise. Closing: British style recommends you double space after your last body paragraph, then use a conventional closing, followed by a comma (sincerely yours) Signature: The writers’ signature appears below the closing and if he has no personal relationship with the addressee use both his first and last name. Elements and styles of writing British letters    English letters follow the above-discussed format and structure; however, there is a distinct style in the syntax formation and the type of words and references to use when writing a letter. Practical opening lines of a letter Opening lines in a letter are meant to introduce the writer’s intentions and to make reference to previous correspondence. Opening lines commonly used in the British culture are commonly adapted into other cultures. (see www.speakspeak.com) With reference to your letter dated 15th May 2007, I am glad to inform you that I will consider working with you. I am writing to enquire about the amount of money deposited in my account on 4th April 2008. Your response will be highly appreciated After having seen your advertisement in the daily telegraph, I am hereby applying for the post of executive secretary. After having received your address from you dear friend Johnson Atkinson, I am hereby writing to you about your relatives in Moscow. We/I recently wrote to you about the college in Glasgow. It is my pleasure to inform you that the college is enrolling students and they are waiting for your application Thank you for your letter of 8 May. We are happy to let you know that our company has appointed you to the post of executive sales manager. Thank you for your letter regarding the issue of orders to the Coventry. Its my sincere wish to have the orders delivered as soon as possible Thank you for your letter/e-mail about the price of the motorcycle. I really appreciate your information. In reply to your letter of 8 May, the amount of money I am willing to pay for the car is half that you quoted. (www.speakspeak.com.) Samples of British letters Sample i Nexus Holdings 7115 MJB Thames Avenue London Ref; 0078/2 /5/2008  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Managing director   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Mounilex Trading Co.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     SLR 543L London Re: Complaint   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear Sir,    We regret to inform you that your delivery team delayed the supply of gunny bags.   I would appreciate if you sent over one of your representatives to address the issue promptly. Yours faithfully †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Susan Price  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Anthony Hopkins Accountant General.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Managing director Sample ii  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Miles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trafalgar square Ave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tel 0444 453 675   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   April 29, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Michael Lawrence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human Resources dept   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10TH Broadway Av   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  London Dear Mr. Miles, I am writing in response to your advertisement on Tuesday on the telegraph. I am interested in the position of chief accountant.   I have a bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Liverpool and a diploma in advanced accounts studies from Oxford University.    I have enclosed is my resume and a copy of my certificates for your perusal. I am available for an in interview any time you find convenient.   I   look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Jack Miles Sample iii   HEAD HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE NEW YORK Tel. 07036781488 OFFICIAL NOTE Ref No. 78/27th April 2008 This official note is issued to Karen Whittaker, occupying a receptionist position in the company, is to certify that Karen has been granted a one month leave.   Ã‚  Ã‚   This is to serve before HR department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Greg Morison   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     HR Manager                   There are several other formats of business letters which are used Samples      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   DAVID MARLONE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   RYAN ISLAND   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PARIS, FRANCE    THE MANAGER BLACKWATER HOLDING 345 HR43 BORDEAUX BORDEAUX FRANCE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear sir/madam    RE: ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING   This reference concerns the forthcoming general meeting of the directors of Black-water Holdings, which will be held at the Pan-Africa hotel. You are reminded that your attendance is highly expected. Yours faithfully CLARK SANDLINE MANAGER American letter writing context   The American culture has been wiped out by the email trends, which have turned out as the most popular methodologies of writing letters. Baron 2001 argues that ‘given e-mail’s stage wise evolution, it’s hardly surprising that commonplace depictions of the linguistic character of email (such as â€Å"everyone uses emoticons † or â€Å"the email medium leads to flaming†) are not universally applicable to the messages written today by grandmothers, job applicants, customers ordering on-line, or teenage girls chatting through instant messaging’ (Baron 2001:1). This change of style and the traditional methodologies of contemporary writing style I s blamed on three education reform systems; the Harvard, John Dewey and a student-centered curriculum from the 1970s onwards (6). Consequence of these reforms has been a away shift from teaching formal rhetoric to encouraging informal writing, typically placing more value on what the student wants to express than on the actual language (including sentence mechanics) used to express it. This has further led to an increased candor, coupled with growing disregard for the social and intellectual behaviors traditionally associated with upward mobility and education; have to do with contemporary writing style? We said earlier (Figure 6) that email and contemporary writing more generally tend to be characterized by informality of style, a psychological assumption that the medium is ephemeral and a high level of candor’ (7-10).   These changes in syntax and speech structure in writing communication letters are characterized by such inceptions and transformations like the ones below. Homer = home run Albany = AlbaN.Y. nothing = othing    Though these reflect on the traditional style and genre, these letters are still apt in the current American culture however, defunct in the emerging ages of the youth and affluent societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The emergence of e-mail culture and hackneyed slang lingo has left the American letter writing culture blunt and rhetorical. In Treimans approach to structural difference in the American English letter writing and speech form to the British one, she explains that American students spoke a rhotic dialect, pronouncing an /r/ in such words as leper, hermit, horde, and gnarl while British students with their nonrhotic dialect, did not include an /r/ in such words. This brings the difference in the pronunciation and spelling in the American style and the British (Treiman 2002: 3).    Various structural, spelling and syntax formation differences in the American letter writing culture embroider a challenging empirical research on the genre of writing letters the American way. Samples of American letters There is minimal structural difference in the academically recommended letter writing styles. The emerging context of difference is blamed on the emerging trends and cultures. These samples are traditional American letter DANIEL ARMANI PO BOX 345 LSP NEW YORK USA 3rd April 2008 JOHN NEBRASKA MANAGER CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS PO BOX 23454 WASHINGTON DC USA Re: INTELLIGENCE BRIEF RECIEPT Dear Sir,   This reference concerns the latest intelligence brief submitted for your analysis last week. Please acknowledge receiving the brief.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yours truly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Daniel Armani The structure of this letter is unique. The writers name and address is on the right while the addressee’s names and address is the left side of the letter. The writers conclusion is on the right side and he signs out with a ‘yours truly sincerely’ on the right side of the letter. Sample 2 DANIEL ARMANI PO BOX 345 LSP NEW YORK USA 3rd April 2008 JOHN NEBRASKA MANAGER CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS PO BOX 23454 WASHINGTON DC USA Re: INTELLIGENCE BRIEF RECIEPT Dear Sir,   This reference concerns the latest intelligence brief submitted for your analysis last week. Please acknowledge receiving the brief.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yours truly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Daniel Armani   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Differences between Canadian, British, Latvian and American letters  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Notable differences in the genre, style and speech between these nations is mostly observed in the structural form. Also, observations on the letters from either of the nation show differences in syntax and word form which another notable difference is within the format. Below are samples of these letters. Each has a distinct feature from te other and these distinct features will be noted below. Sample of American standards business letter JOHN SMITH RUE MONTAMTRE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   125 PARIS, FRANCE 3RD April 2008    THE MANAGER PANAFRIC HOLDING 134 RUE BORDEAUX BORDEAUX  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear sir/madam    RE: REMINDER OF THE 5TH INVESTORS SUMMIT   This reference concerns the forthcoming 5th investor’s summit to be held at the Ritz hotel. You are reminded that we are looking forward to your attendance as a member of the investors club.   For further details kindly please write to us as soon as possible Yours faithfully JOHN SMITH MANAGER Sample British business letter Nexus Holdings 7115 MJB Thames Avenue London Ref; 0078/2 /5/2008 Director   Mounilex Trading Co   SLR 543L London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Re: Complaint   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear Sir,    We regret to inform you that your delivery team delayed the supply of gunny bags.   I would appreciate if you sent over one of your representatives to address the issue promptly. Yours faithfully †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Susan Price  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Anthony Hopkins Accountant General.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Managing director    Sample Canadian business letter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Miles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trafalgar square Ave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tel 0444 453 675   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   April 29, 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Michael Lawrence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human Resources dept   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10TH Broadway Av   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London Dear Mr. Miles, I am writing in response to your advertisement on Tuesday on the telegraph. I am interested in the position of chief accountant.   I have a bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Liverpool and a diploma in advanced accounts studies from Oxford University.    I have enclosed is my resume and a copy of my certificates for your perusal. I am available for an in interview any time you find convenient.   I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours truly †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Jack Miles    Sample Latvian letter Mr. Roy Lawrence 12187 Manchester 54 MJB Manchester UK May 26, 2002 The General Electric Company 15456 Dawson Park Way College Park, FL 33133 Manchester UK Dear Customer Service Representative: I recently purchased one of your sockets for my television cable extension. Unfortunately, after viewing the components that came with the product, I discovered that four of the parts were missing. Also, the instructions that came with the tent are in Portuguese and Russian, but not in English, the language I speak. These two unforeseen problems have resulted in the socket remaining unused.    I am writing to request replacements for the missing parts, and a copy of the full set of assembly instructions (in English) for the model I purchased. If reasonable arrangements are not made within ten business days, I will return the socket to the store I purchased it from and expect a full refund. To assist you in processing my request, I am including a copy of my sales receipt and a list of the missing parts. I have purchased other electrical appliances manufactured by your company in the past, and have always been impressed with the quality. I sincerely hope this that any future purchases I make will live up to the standard. Sincerely,    Roy Lawrence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         Enc: 2, Differences between American and British Style of letter writing and the Canadian and Latvian context Major differences are observed in the spelling. British spelling is different from the American spelling although most words are spelled the same way globally. The difference between the British spelling and the American spelling is small. Words ending with -ize in American English are spelled with -ise in British English (sympathize, sympathise); the words that end in -or in America end in -our in Britain (honor, honour; It is notable that many consonants that are single before suffixes in America are doubled in Britain (traveled, travelled) this is observed in the basic writing of various texts. Summary British spelling when writing letters American spelling when writing letters Emphasise Sympathise Honour Colour Emphasize Sympathize Honor Color   Traveled Leveled Catalogue Travelled Levelled Catalog    Much pedagogy on the grammar context focus on the UK style however it is also important to have insights of the other countries. In the UK, it is in order to write the senders name before the address in business letters. Another observations regarding differences between American and British business writing style is that while it is unusual in the UK to close a formal business letter with Yours truly, this practice is accepted in the USA.   Other differences between British and American are seen within the context of designations for the different members of the Board of Directors when writing to them as a group. Summary British style American style  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sender name appears before the address though it is optional based on designation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Closing the letter is usually through a ‘yours sincerely’ or ‘yours faithfully’  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When addressing many people or directors the writers uses ‘Dear sir’s’ â€Å"directors’ or ‘Messrs’  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Senders name does not appear though often some letters have this feature  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Closing the letters is usually through a ‘yours truly’  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American style entails the use of â€Å"The directors†   This difference in style, grammar and format is summarized below British style, format and grammar of writing letters American style, format and grammar of writing letters  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headings are on the centre or right hand side of the letter  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References are on the upper left of the letter  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When writing the dates the writer uses the format Day, Month, Year  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Uses Messrs when addressing the addressee.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Uses ‘messrs, company name then the address and other important addresses  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Attention line includes name of the addressee  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Uses ‘Dear sirs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has no subject line in the letter  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Headings of the writer are at the right side of the letter  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reference are on the lower left or right side of the letter  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American writer uses the format Month, Day, Year  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Uses ‘Dear sir’ when addressing directors or other officials  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dear Mr./Ms./Mrs./Miss full name, title, company name, address  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American writers start with   Dear Mr./Ms. Johansen followed by salutation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American don’t use this  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American format does have a subject line       Observation    The letters have different structures, formats and style. By examining the initial sample, we find out that, the Americans align their names and address to the right then write the name and address of the addressee on the left. They are direct to the point though not very courteous and straight to the point. Americans use fewer English words in comparison to the British and seem to be in a habit of being rhetoric.    The reference is underlined while the date is below the writers address. The letter ends with a ‘yours faithfully’ which denotes self confidence and frankness. Its written on the right hand side of the letter. This shows a structure which has the personal references on one side and the references of the addresses on the left side. The British letter has the writers address and personal reference centered on the top of the letter. It is like a letter head. There are two references and all are on the left side of the letter. The first one has the references number of the previous communication and comes before the address and profile of the addressee. The second reference comes after the addressee’s address and is pushed towards the center and underlined.    The opening lines are aligned to the centre. This is meant to indicate emphasis on rank and respect by the writer. The body is brief and concise. The writer is up to the point as fast and with as few words as possible. The signatories are aligned to the centre and the letter is closed with a ‘yours sincerely’ which is aligned to the centre of the letter.    The Canadian letter has the address of both the writer and addressee on the right side of the paper. After his address, he double spaces and enters the date then writes the addressee’s address. The opening lines begin with a ‘dear..’ and are on the left of the letter.   Ã‚   The body of the letter is long and uses words to emphatically concentrate on the subject of the letter and to inform the addressee of the point which the writer wants him to understand. The letter closes with a ‘yours truly’ which is indicative of honesty and politeness. It is aligned on the left of the letter and the writer signs and enters his name after the signature.    The Latvian letter is aligned to the left side. The writers name and address are on the left side of the paper. He enters the date after his addresses then enters the addressee’s address. The opening is curt and aligned to the immediate left of the letter so as to align with the addresses. There is no reference though it is a necessity in the writing convections.    The body draws out a less courteous writer and he is very straight to the point. He avoids using many words and is rapid in what he is communicating about.   Ã‚   He closes the letter with a ‘sincerely’ which further denotes lack of courtesy and explains the versatile briefness in the Latvian communication. Comparative analysis of Latvian, British, Canadian and American letters    British American Canadian Latvian British align their names and address at the centre Write the name of the addressee on the left Use various words to explain References are not underlined Closes with a ‘yours sincerely or sincerely yours’ Headings are on the centre or right hand side of the letter Americans align their names and address to the right Write the name and address of the addressee on the left They are direct to the point The reference is underlined Closes with a ‘yours truly Headings are on the right hand side The writers name and addresses are on the left Writes name and addressee on the left and also the date Use more words to explain their point Uses no reference or at times uses Closes with a ‘yours truly Headings are on the right side of the letter The writers name is aligned to the left side Writes the name of the addressee on the left side Uses curt and direct words Has or often does not have references Closes with a ‘yours sincerely or ‘sincerely yours The headings are on the centre.   Conclusion There are differences in each letter writing culture while there are distinct similarities in some cultures. Each culture uses the British style and genre of body structure while they have transformed their formats from the standards British format to suit their culture needs.   However, there rises a context of distance of cultures whereby we observe similarities   in cultures near each other. The British culture is being common in the formal Latvian letter writing style and culture. The same applies to the Multicultural United States and the Multicultural Canada. They share common styles and formats.