Argument for Animal Rights Essay - 1194 Words

Argument for Animal Rights The argument for animal rights assumes that animals posses their own lives and deserve to be assigned rights in order to protect their wellbeing. This view insists that animals are not merely goods utilised only to benefit mankind and they should be allowed to choose how they want to live their lives, free from the constraints of man. But if animals are given absolute rights, then surely they shouldn’t be allowed to kill each other, as this would be a violation of these rights. Should murderous animals be administered prison sentences or even†¦capital punishment? One method of preventing animals killing each other would be to provide animals with a vegetarian†¦show more content†¦This is ironic because we are moral beings and can think about our actions, yet we kill and mistreat animals as they are lesser beings and can’t think about their actions. However, before we can answer the question of whether or not animals have the right to kill each other, we must ask whether or not they even have rights. It can be argued that, as greater beings, we should take responsibility for the wellbeing of those species that are less developed than us, rather than using our power to manipulate and exploit them. According to Rawls’s contractualism, animals are not rational agents and humans are. This implies that, as humans are the ones who have created the concept of rights, they should only apply to humans. However, Peter Carruthers extends this theory so that it defends the rights of animals. He suggests that a rational agent could enter into a contract for an animal, representing their interests in ‘the formulation of the basic contract’. There are also some human beings who cannot speak for themselves or question their actions, for example, fetuses, infants, the comatose, the senile and the severely retarded. These people are still assigned rights despite the fact that they are not moral agents. They may make the same simple instinctive decisions as animals, yet are g iven rights based upon their species. It can beShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Of Animal Rights2068 Words   |  9 Pagesrhetorical, but the fact is animals live through this everyday, without even given the choice. As humans, we establish our authority among all living beings, but for what reasons? Are humans better than all other species? Or is it true that we should hold a precedence over nonhuman animals? The ultimate question then remains, should animals have as much or equal to the same rights as humans? Their are endless arguments for and against this question, and many sub arguments that go hand in hand withRead MoreArgument Paper on Animal Rights2395 Words   |  10 Pagesconditions for non-human animals. Non-human animals should not be a part of destruction, pain, incarceration and underprivileged conditions that are caused by humans. Animal rights is a movement of individuals that support giving non-human animals life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. People who support animal rights believe that animals are not ours to use for food, clothing, entertainment, experimentation, or any other purpose (PETA, FAQ) This movement is different form animal welfare which is whatRead MoreAll Animals Are Equal By Peter Singer1487 Words   |  6 PagesIn Peter Singer’s piece â€Å"All Animals Are Equal†, he begins his argument by an in-depth consideration of notable rights movements, such as the Black Liberation and women’s rights movement, then segues into the justification for equal consideration of rights regarding animals, before finally exposing the immorality behind factory farming and animal cruelty. According to Singer, â€Å"the basic principle of equality†¦is equality of consideration; and equal consideration for different beings may lead to differentRead MoreAnimal Rights Philosophy768 W ords   |  4 Pagesissue of animal rights, Carl Cohen takes on the perspective of a reformist. This means that he accepts animal experimentation and meat eating, but believes that these institutions need to be improved upon. Cohen approaches the issue of animal rights using the ideas of obligations and rights, with not only the reformist perspective, but with the speciesist perspective. The conclusion he draws is that animals do not necessarily have rights just because humans have moral obligations to animals. CohenRead MoreEqual Rights for Animals in Peter Singer’s Article, All Animals are Equal652 Words   |  3 PagesAll Animals are Equal, Singer claims that animals deserve the same equal rights and respect that the human lives get. His strongest argument is defined by all animals, human or non-human shall be defined as equal. Singer makes some very strong arguments within his article, but I feel some of his statements are humanist. As an animal lover and mother to two pets, I disagree that not all animals or living things endure the same amount. However, I do agree that animals do deserve the rights to liveRead MoreWhy Recreational Hunting Of Western Canada Is Morally Justified Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"responsible hunting where the primary benefits are the pleasure of hunting animals in the wilderness and eating their meat.† Despite several strengths, his weaknesses in reasoning outweigh the few positives. Thus, the letter’s overall worth is neg ligible. The letter’s weaknesses in reasoning lie in Sven’s central justifications for recreational hunting, being human pleasure and eating meat, in his supporting argument for animal suffering, and in his failure to define recreational hunting’s necessityRead MoreDo Animals Have A Say?: Comparative Analysis of Animal Rights, Human Wrongs and Proud to be Speciecist1188 Words   |  5 Pagesof animal testing for human advantages has always been a debatable topic. It is still undecided whether the use of animals for human benefits is morally right. On the other hand it is scientists and researchers who think that animals are good testing subjects because of various reasons such as preventing harmful products or finding cures to diseases. The two essays â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs† by Tom Regan and â€Å"Proud to be Speciesist† by Stephen Rose talk about the concerns of animal rights butRead MoreThe Safety And Welfare Of The Wild Animals927 Wo rds   |  4 Pagesquestion if wild animals should live in city zoos is a question that has come up quite often. There are multiple opinions, pros and cons to the safety and welfare of the wild animals. Zoo officials do not take notice of the harm in keeping the wild animals away from their natural environment, they contemplate it more as keeping the animals in a safe environment where they can thrive and acquire the utmost care. Not everybody has the same mindset on this issue. Many animal rights activist groups andRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This report explores the main arguments both for and against animal experimentation. The report begins with an introduction briefly outlining what animal experimentation refers to, introducing the three perspectives and highlighting the intention behind this investigation. The report then explores the positive and negative medical aspect of animal experimentation stating that it has resulted in vital vaccines benefitting both humans and animals, but also accepting it is not always reliableRead MoreCompare Tom Regan, Carl Cohen and Peter Singer in Terms of Animal Rights813 Words   |  4 PagesSinger Animal rights are one of the most controversial issues today. There has been endless debate about whether or not animals have rights. Philosophers attempt to come up with the moral conclusions by taking in account the many different standpoints and presenting their related arguments. In his essay â€Å"The case of animal rights†, Tom Regan, a professor of philosophy at North Carolina State University, defends his view that the center of our moral concern should not bring the suffering on animal as

Lowering the drinking age Increasing their Lifespan

Before the year of 1975, the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) was set at eighteen. It wasn’t until 1984 when the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed which required the States to set the MLDA at twenty-one causing no one under the age of twenty-one to be able to consume or purchase alcohol. States that did not comply faced a reduction in highway funds under the Federal Highway Aid Act. Many can argue that ever since the drinking age was set at a higher age limit, there have been less reports of death due to intoxication, both on the road and off the road (Mooney). Young adults between the ages of eighteen and twenty are still developing many parts of their brain and if they begin to consume alcohol at such an early age, it can†¦show more content†¦Some of the effects that Garbutt talks about are cirrhosis in the liver, cancer, dementia, or depression. A lot of people take all this for granted and do not really see the risks behind drinking alcohol. Many disea ses and health problems come along with long term use of alcohol; therefore, lowering the age allows young adults to start this habit sooner. The sooner young adults drink alcohol, the worse the effects can be because they are exposed to it for a longer period. The best way to decrease the rate of young adults who develop these diseases is by maintaining a MLDA of twenty-one instead of lowering it to eighteen. Although many young adults see this as robbing them of their rights as an adult I think that by keeping it at 21 we are extending their lives and providing a healthier lifestyle as an early age. Many may argue that there is not a big difference from smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol therefore, it should be legal to be able to both at eighteen. The reason why the age limit to drink alcohol is at twenty-one and not eighteen is because of the effect alcohol has. Cigarettes do not impair your vision, motor skills, speech or memory. Yes, it is still bad for your health, but even after a pack of cigarettes you can still drive and you can still recognize when your about to make aShow MoreRelatedThe Factors Of Life Decisions And Bad Eating Habits1427 Words   |  6 Pagesanything that gets your heart rate up and moving. Exercise alone fights off so many diseases as well as lowering cholesterol and your body weight in which most hereditary health problems derive from. A persons correct eating habits can also play a role in enhancing their life by keeping unhealthy weight from fatty foods off in which also maintains their blood pressure levels. Moderate drinking is also a positive benefiter to your life as well as being a nonsmoker. Having a healthy sex lifestyle onceRead MoreIncreasing Coping Skills in Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes1629 Words   |  7 Pagesautoimmune response of T1DM (Soltesz et al., 2007). Currently there are 215,000 children under the age of 20 that are living with T1DM, which also translates to 11.3% of this population (U .S Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Children diagnosed with T1DM are seven times more likely to die than those without the disease. The average lifespan of someone with T1DM is 28-43 years of age (Secrest, Becker, Kelsey, LaPorte, Orchard, 2010). Deaths related to diabetes are often caused byRead MoreSleep Is A Key Component Of Everyday Life2354 Words   |  10 Pagestasks overcome them and things get a bit tricky. After all, there are only so many hours in the day and to maintain each aspect of one’s life is nearly impossible. Between class, homework, studying, extracurricular activities, work, grooming, eating/drinking and sleeping, there is little time to spare. If you think about it, many of those hours alone are spent on academics which colleges are responsible for. So if colleges were to put less pressure on their students academically then they might be surprisedRead MoreSample Lit Review on Hypertension11736 Words   |  47 Pages2. Literature rev iew This chapter reviews the literature on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia and their relation to risk factors including age, gender, genetics, diet and weight, alcohol, smoking, lack of activity and co-morbidity. It also examines mediating factors including economic factors, stress/personality, medications, lifestyle modifications and complementary therapies including foot reflexology and foot massage. 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Prejudice and Discrimination Essay - 1621 Words

Bethany Norris – Unit 1 – Prejudice and Discrimination Part One Prejudice: The dictionary defines prejudice as an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge. This means that a person may form an opinion on a person or a particular group of people without having any facts or knowledge about that person or group. Prejudice is normally perceived as being bad but there are some instances where prejudice is an aid to survival for example if you see several scruffy men parked in a van in a dark alley, you will form a pre judgment that they must be up to no good so you choose to not walk down the alley. They could simply be movers, but healthy prejudice tells you not to take the†¦show more content†¦Society was not kind to deaf children, there was no compassion or understanding and most children did not realize they were deaf because no one took the time to explain to them. Families felt embarrassed and ashamed of their deaf offspring, some families even decided not to have any more children for fear that they too would be deaf. Deaf men were also discriminated against during the First World War as they were deemed unfit for service, however, deaf soldiers would have had a distinct advantage over the soldiers who could hear as they would not get shellshock or distracted as easily by the surrounding noises. Some doctors believed that deafness was cause by a blockage in the ear and others believed it to be a brain dysfunction either way deaf people in asylums were subjected to horrific procedures such as needles being pushed into their eardrums and lobotomies. Deaf children often became strangers within their own families and were often rejected and abandoned this led to low self worth and extreme depression in some cases. As deaf children had no knowledge of language, as it was rarely taught in deaf schools, they developed their own ‘sign language’, which differed from school to school. This sign language was not universal and was normally only understood by the children at that particular school. Sexual predators also targeted many deaf people, as they wereShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1638 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination comes in a number of forms. We have age discrimination, employment or job discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination, and others. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a member of that group (Burgess, 2003). The purpose of her research was to talk about discrimination and prejudices and the affect they have on our day to day lives. She also defines prejudiceRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1608 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination comes in all forms. There is age discrimination, employment or job discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination, and then there is also positiv e discrimination such as a guy letting an attractive woman out in traffic; he is then positively discriminating against her. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a member of that group. The purpose of my research isRead MorePrejudice And Discrimination : Prejudice Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice and Discrimination Prejudice and discrimination can take several different forms. The first item I would like to delineate in this essay is the correlations between prejudice, racism, and discrimination. Prejudices quite often stem from ignorance or a lack of understanding. 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Prejudice and discrimination are two very different things, prejudice is the unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of their race, sex religion, etc. Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. It can occur anywhere, in the workplace , shops, restaurants, schools or just walking down the street. OneRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice : Discrimination1719 Words   |  7 PagesKendrah Lopez CS – 420 12 Sep. 2017 Discrimination and Prejudice Discrimination and Prejudice I chose discrimination and prejudice for my multicultural paper, because I feel that discrimination and prejudice is the main reason for all the hate in the world. People are discriminated against because of reasons such as race, ethnicity, religion, looks, sex, sexual orientation, class, and other ridiculous reasons. 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This essay will also show reasons to why prejudice and discrimination occurs and the effects of such inequity can cause to the society. In this case studies possible measures and solutions will be highlighted and suggested. Section 2: The issues and who are involved This essay willRead MorePrejudice, Discrimination, And Institutional Discrimination Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s society may believe that prejudice and discrimination mean the same thing and most people may not pay attention to the fact that there is a huge difference between the two terms. The main difference between these terms is, prejudice is a negative idea about a certain group of people or people of a particular race. The person usually doesn’t act on the idea, they mainly just keep it to themselves. Most would describe it as being a â€Å"pre-judgement†. 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Case Study Mental State Assessment

Questions: 1.Identify and describe the following four(4) key components of the mental state, as they relate to Ellens presentation. 2.Identify and describe two (2) areas of risk for Ellen in relation to her current presentation. 3.Discuss four (4) nursing care priorities for Ellen and provide a nursing intervention and a rational for each intervention identified. 4.Identify one (1) recovery principle (as per the National Framework for Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Services). Answers: 1.Mood: Mood of the patient is called as the pervasive subjective state. According to the study of Carniaux-Moran (2008), the visible affect of the patients mood is called as the affect. Mood of a patient is determined through examining the range, depth and fluctuations in the emotional expression. Moods are described in various terms such as labile (changing mood rapidly), euthymic (normal), angry, depressed, irritable, frightened or empty (Hirschfeld et al, 2010). Ellens mood during the interview was found to be elevated and labile. Ellens affect is determined to be congruent to her mood. Congruity and in-congruity are important to determine, because sometimes the depressed patients may look depressed, but in some cases depressed patients may look euthymic (Perron et al, 2009). Thought Content: The patient suffering with mental disorders may have different kind of thought contents. The bipolar disorder is also called as maniac-depressive illness. The patient suffers with unusual shift in the mood (Carniaux-Moran, 2008). Generally it has been observed that people suffering with bipolar disorder have racing thoughts or even the flight of different ideas. For the accurate diagnosis of the problem it is important to assess thought content. Thought content of Ellen display derailment. Content of the thoughts are also thoughts are grandiose, flirtatious and underlying sexual innuendo (Hirschfeld et al, 2010). The though content explains about the goal focused activities of the patient. Thought form: Thought form is called as the process in which the patient thinks. Thought form of the patient are determined through there speech. The patient suffering with bipolar disorder, often have distracted thought process and rapidly changes their thought process. Flight of ideas is the general thought form seen in patients of bipolar disorder. The speech is rapid and patient changes topics rapidly. The topics can be associated or may not, but the patient display excessive talking and sometimes nonsensical choice of words. In the case of Ellen she also displays rapid, loud, pressured and slurred speech. Insight: Insight is considered as the extent to which patient is aware of his or her illness. In the case of mental disorders, patient may have poor or limited insight about their illness, as in the case of Ellen she has very limited insight to her illness and she considered that nothing is wrong with her. Sometimes the patients stop taking medication, as they believe that they are not ill. This situation display lack of insight about the illness and poor judgement (Carniaux-Moran, 2008). Ellen also display this behaviour, by stating that she do not require medication, as drug do not allow her to enjoy her life and brings her down. Thus, she has poor insight and impaired judgement. 2 i) Disturbed Thought Process: Disturbed thought process could be a major risk factor for the patient like Ellen. The thought process of the bipolar disorder patient is often disturbed. This problem is displayed in the case of Ellen through disorientation, rapid and pressured speech, flight of thought and ideas. Loose association of the thoughts is also associated with this risk factor (Kendall et al, 2014). Ellen had displayed loose and poorly associated thoughts and ideas. Poor level concentration is also identified in case of Ellen. ii) Defensive coping: Defensive coping is another risk factor associated with condition of Ellen. She repeatedly displays false positive evaluation of self. Her self evaluation is based on the patter of protecting and defending self. Defensive coping risk factors are assessed though identifying the level of insight and judgement (Kendall et al, 2014). Ellen display grandiosity, flirtatious and seductive behaviour through her speech. She also displayed flamboyant and bizarre dressing and make-up. She also displays sexual behaviour in conversation, and denied to take medication to defend herself, which is a threat to her positive self. 3. Intervention for disrupted thought content: The first nursing intervention for such behavior is limiting the destructive and adverse behavior of the patient. The nurse must provide the safe environment to the patient. The environment stimuli, which trigger the aggressive behavior, will be identified and removed; this can be done by keeping the patient in isolation and in a private room. Rational: Safe environment is important, so that patient may not harm herself or other during flights of thoughts. The physical safety of staff and other patients is also important. Ellens ability to deal with the stimuli is impaired thus, keep her in isolation is correct intervention. Second intervention must focus on re-orientation of the Ellen. For this, she must be called by her name repeatedly. Nurse should also tell her name to patient, and nurse should also inform the patient about place, date and time. Rational: Re-orientation is important for Ellen, as due to distracted thought process, she has been disoriented and had a loose thought process. (Connolly, Thase, 2011). For bringing her to stability, repeated presentation of the reality is very essential. This will further help in concrete reinforcement of the reality. Intervention for Defensive Coping The first intervention for such behaviour is that, nurse must withdraw or ignore the attention from the bizarre clothing, make-up and appearance of the patient. Nurse should also avoid sexual acting-out behaviour. The limit regarding the inappropriate behaviour must be set (Beentjes, Goossens, Jongerden, 2015). Rational: Ignoring the inappropriate behaviour of the patient and defensive coping strategies are more effective to reduce unacceptable behaviour. Reinforcement of the If the patient is asked to stop such behaviour that they may do it more. Her insight and judgement are poor. She does not have awareness towards her illness. Due to poor judgement, her inappropriate behaviour should be maintained by setting few limits. Nurse should inform the patient about expected mannerism (Connolly, Thase, 2011). Rational: It is very important that patient should know that what is being expected from them (Geddes Miklowitz, 2013). Maintaining the limits is important for the patient to learn appropriate manners and behaviour. 4. The principles of recovery oriented mental health practice are important for every individual suffering with mental disorders. These principles value the perspective of the mentally ill people are set according to the abilities and disabilities of every individual. The first principle of the National Framework for Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Services is uniqueness of the individual. This principle is best suited in the case of Ellen. According to this principle, recovery of a patient is not considered just as a cure from illness but it provides the opportunity to the individuals to make meaningful choices and living a purposeful life (Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice, 2010). The outcomes of the recovery are different and unique for every individual, and thus, main focus should be on the quality of life and social inclusion. Ellen, also require support in improving her quality of life and also needs empowerment, so that she can understand that she is at th e centre of care. References Beentjes, T. A., Goossens, P. J., Jongerden, I. P. (2015). Nurses' Experience of Maintaining Their Therapeutic Relationship With Outpatients With Bipolar Disorder and Their Caregivers During Different Stages of a Manic Episode: A Qualitative Study.Perspectives in psychiatric care. Carniaux-Moran, C. (2008). The psychiatric nursing assessment.Psychiatric mental healthnursing: An introduction to theory and practice, 41-43. Connolly, K. R., Thase, M. E. (2011). The clinical management of bipolar disorder: a review of evidence-based guidelines.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord,13(4), pii-PCC. Geddes, J. R., Miklowitz, D. J. (2013). Treatment of bipolar disorder.The Lancet,381(9878),1672-1682. Hirschfeld, R. M., Bowden, C. L., Gitlin, M. J., Keck, P. E., Suppes, T., Thase, M. E., ... Perlis, R. H. (2010). Treatment of patients with bipolar disorder.APA Practice Guidelines 2002. Kendall, T., Morriss, R., Mayo-Wilson, E., Marcus, E., Jones, S., Guideline DevelopmentGroup. (2014). Assessment and management of bipolar disorder: summary of updated NICE guidance.BMJ,349. Perron, B. E., Howard, M. O., Nienhuis, J. K., Bauer, M. S., Woodward, A. T., Kilbourne, A.(2009). Prevalence and Burden of General Medical Conditions Among Adults With Bipolar I Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions [CME].The Journal of clinical psychiatry,70(10), 1407-1415. Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice. (2010). Australian GovernmentDepartment of Health. Retrieved From: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-i-nongov-toc~mental-pubs-i-nongov-pri